Ghazni Mahmud

Mahmud of Ghazni ( 971 - 1030), was the most famous ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled 33years until his death. He was the first ruler to carry the title called Sultan.

He turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the wealthy capital and extended up to today's Iran, Afghanistan as well as Pakistan and North-West India. His first campaign was against the Qarakhanid Empire in 999.

He invaded Indian subcontinent but he never kept a permanent presence such as Nagarkot, Thanesar, Mathura, Kanauj, Kalinjar, Somnath, Maheshwar, Jwalamukhi, Narunkot and Dwarka.

Jallianwallah Bagh

Jallianwallah Bagh: April 13, 1919

Merely 376 Indians were killed. There were 120 bodies (mostly women and children) were plucked off the well. But Indian National Congress says " the toll rate is 1,000 - 1,500".

General Dyer Statement:
Dyer said he would have used his machine guns if he could have got them into the enclosure, but these were mounted on armored cars. He said he did not stop firing when the crowd began to disperse because he thought it was his ...duty to keep firing until the crowd dispersed, and that a little firing would do no good. In fact he continued the firing till he ran out of ammunition.

He confessed that he did not take any steps to tend to the wounded after the firing. "Certainly not. It was not my job. Hospitals were open and they could have gone there," was his response.

History of Rice

The Chinese and Vietnamese were the first people who grew rice during 10,000 to 4000 B.C., then its spread to srilanka, India, southern European countries and northern Africa. During 19th century British introduced rice into America.

Great Greek Philosophers

*Socrates ( 469 BC–399 BC) condemned to death for "corrupting youth of Athens".*Plato (428 BC – 347 BC) a student of Socrates, founder of Academy.*Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)  a student of Plato & teacher of Alexander the great, son of Philip of Macedon.

Japan - Mass Suicide

 

Mass Suicide: 80,000 japanese civilians were killed them-self. The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg - 1945, Estimated 42,000–150,000 civilians were killed during the war. In 1945, Winston Churchill called the battle "among the most intense and famous in military history."

Indian Freedom

Origin of Indian freedom strike in Bombay 1946

The Royal Indian Navy mutiny (also called the Bombay Mutiny) encompasses a total strike and subsequent mutiny by Indian sailors of the Royal Indian Navy on board ship and shore establishments at Bombay (Mumbai) harbor on 18 February 1946. From the initial flash point in Bombay, the mutiny spread and found support throughout British India, from Karachi to Calcutta and ultimately came to involve 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors.

Leading Signalman M.S Khan and Petty Officer Telegraphist Madan Singh were unanimously elected President and Vice-President respectively. The strike found immense support among the Indian population, already gripped by the stories of the Indian National Army.

The actions of the mutineers was supported by demonstrations which included a one-day general strike in Bombay. The strike spread to other cities, and was joined by the Royal Indian Air Force and local police forces.

Naval officers and men began calling themselves the "Indian National Navy" and offered left-handed salutes to British officers. At some places, NCOs in the British Indian Army ignored and defied orders from British superiors. In Madras and Pune, the British garrisons had to face revolts within the ranks of the Indian Army. Widespread rioting took place from Karachi to Calcutta.